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Research
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Proven Impact, Backed by Research

Independent research demonstrates how FHLBank San Francisco, and the broader FHLBank System, strengthen the U.S. financial system and deliver meaningful, measurable benefits to local communities.

By supporting community-based financial institutions, FHLBanks expand access to reliable liquidity, increase lending capacity, and drive investments that increase housing supply and improve housing affordability across the regions they serve.

Explore the research studies below to learn more about the positive impact of the FHLBanks.

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Affordable Housing Program Investments Strengthen Local Economies in Arizona

An independent study by the Morrison Institute for Public Policy and the Seidman Research Institute examined the long‑term economic and community impact of Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco’s Affordable Housing Program investments in Arizona. Through quantitative analysis and case studies, the research showed that AHP-funded developments generate jobs, increase labor income, strengthen local economies and expand access to stable, high‑quality housing across the state.

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FHLBanks play a key role in the health of small banks

An analysis by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that the FHLBanks generally serve as a reliable and consistent source of funding for banks of all sizes throughout the financial cycle.

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FHLBanks Significantly Reduce the Risk of Financial Crises

Research from the Urban Institute found that the FHLBanks supply liquidity to members in need and substantially enhance overall financial stability. They estimate the FHLBank System generates $13.2 to $21.4 billion in annual economic value by reducing the risk of systemic crises.

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